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The Original ѕєяισυѕ ιηтєℓℓιgєηт Shobuz Bhai
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Tipaimukh Dam: A threat to Bangladesh
About this commitment: say NO to Tipaimukh dam STOP Tipaimukh dam
About this event: Delegation to Bangladesh
Related to country: India


Tipaimukh Dam: A threat to Bangladesh


Tipaimukh hydraulic dam (THD) to be constructed by our giant neighbor India in the upstream at a distance of 200km (direct distance 100 km) from Amalshid border of Jakigang of Sylhet district of Bangladesh followed by Fulertal Barrage in 100 km downstream of Tipaimukh dam and 100 upstream of Bangladesh border to divert the water to Indian Province Assam is a stern threat to the existence of Bangladesh hydrodynamically, geo-morphologically, geographically, tectonically-seismically, structurally, ecologically, bio-diversically, anthropologically, agriculturally, socially, culturally, economically, financially causing not only environmental hazard but also socio-economic and health risks to the mass people of Bangladesh from all walks of life .

Throughout the world, 263 trans-boundary (passed through more than one countries bordering geographically) rivers and lakes spread of which 57 trans-boundary rivers are located in Bangladesh of which 54 rivers are trans-boundary with India. About 45000 large dams extended over 140 countries of the world. India constructed more than 6000 dams of which more than 50 dams are constructed by our Giant Neighbor India on 35 trans-boundary rivers between Bangladesh and India without bothering Bangladesh, violating International River Laws and without any negotiation with downstream Bangladesh.

Dams in USA: A total of 75,000, including 6575 large dams; 2400 privately owned hydropower dams; no new large dams in recent years; 100s of dams removed since 1999; plan to remove about 10,000 dams by 2010.

Dams in India: As per CWC (1994), a total of 4291 large dams in operation (3159 in Maha, Guj, MP); over 50% constructed in 1971-90; a total of 695 dams under construction; 22 dams are being constructed in the north-eastern seven sister provinces of India.

India misuses all of these dams withdrawing unlimited waters in up-stream violating international laws and signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), agreements, treaties between the trans-boundary countries. Consequently environment of Bangladesh are at the extreme risks.

Recently Tipaimuk dam on the Barak being constructed by India is the threat to the existence of Bangladesh in the train of environmental havoc and disaster to lean the bio-diversity and wetlands of north-eastern Bangladesh specially in the Sylhet basin.

History of India with Bangladesh is not optimistic rather crucial, and ironic due to illogical withdrawal of water from Ganges in dry season violating conditions of signed treaty & international laws and again flooding Bangladesh releasing gigantic amount of water opening all the gates of Farakka dam in rainy season. Same is the case between India and Nepal.

Bangladesh will face a lot of problems specially in dry seasons in the form of desertification and the severe flooding in the rainy seasons due to release of huge amount of water for the last three decades.

An ironic, sarcastic and double-crossing man-made river-killer Tipaimukh dam by Giant Neighbor Iindia to kill the mighty rivers, streams and canals; dry up haors, swamps and other wetlands of its North-eastern region of Bangladesh.

Features of Tipaimukh Dam: the construction on the river Barak will be completed in 2011; it is rock dam located at the village of Tipaimukh; the THD is being constructed with an objective of holding water, generating 1500 MW electricity, flood control, and irrigation; cost is about 9000 Indian Rupees; length of the dam 390 m, breadth 162.8 m and height 178 m located at 108 m above the sea level storing 16 bcm water.

Environmental impacts of the dam will include: Increase the frequency of very large and small floods; Severity of flash flood in pre-monsoon due to the heavy rainfall in the hilly region due to the instantaneous release of water; Devastating Floods in rainy season due to the release of surplus water in every year .

Decrease of water flow in Surma-Kushiara-Kalani-Meghna; Extreme low flow in of Surma-Kushiara-Kalani-Meghna during dry season after commissioning are expected to low as 10% of the flow of before dam construction. If Fulertal barrage is constructed, water availability in Surma-Kushiara will be severely threatened.

Siltation in the river beds of Surma-Kushiara-Kalani-Meghna due to suppression of sediment flow.

Possible morphological change of Surma-Kushiara-Kalani-Meghna causing change in the river course by probable severe earthquake of Richter scale greater than 8 due to dam failure in the earthquake prone area of Tipaimukh and redistribution of water flow, siltation etc.

Change in water quality (turbidity, dissolved gases, minerals, metals etc.) of Surma-kushiara-kalani-Meghna.

Ultimate killing of the rivers in downstream Bangladesh; THD will kill the rivers Surma, Kushiara, Kalani, Meghna and their tributaries and distrubutaries.

Desertification and hydrological draughtness in seven districts Sylhet, Moulavibazar, Sunamgang, Habigang, Kishorgang, Netrokona & Brahmanbaria at the first stage; . Desertification and draughtness cause the disticts of Narshingdi, Munshigang, Narayangang, Comilla, Chandpur, Shariatpur, Lakhmipur. Barishal at the long term. Desertification and hydrological draughtness will be more severe if Fulertal Barrage is constructed.

Salinity intrusion in the new areas and increase in salinity in existing saline zone of lower Meghna due to the suppression of freshwater flow specially in dry season that will advance to upstream day by day causing severe crisis in water use in drinking, domestic and agricultural purpose, reducing soil fertility affecting crop production; saline water will reach to Sylhet within 15 years of commission of dam.

Loss of fertility of the soil causing severe declination of crops, fruits etc.

Reduction of wetland in haor areas dropping fresh water, curtailing fish due to food shortage, disappearance of migratory birds, dying trees, herbs, shrubs among others.

Harsh effects on swamp forest of haor area leading to loss of animal, plant, birds, reptile and fish biodiversity and ultimate destruction of swamp forest in wetlands.

There will be severe effects in river navigability of Surma-Kushiara-Kalani-Meghna shrinking potential water transport route; reduce the production of paddy and vegetables in north-eastern Bangladesh; cause destruction of fish habitats in rivers, streams and canals leading to tremendous reduction in the availability of fresh water fishes effecting aquatic ecology severely.

It will also cause deterioration of ecosystem (both terrestrial and aquatic); Decrease of growth rate in all species; Plankton, flora and fauna will be under serious stress; decrease of groundwater recharge (one-third/fourth of GW recharged by rain water and rest by flood water, if water flow is reduced by 30 to 50%, normal flood will be disappeared hampering GW recharge) severely; affect forest bio-diversity decreasing the forest of both of the plain land and hilly areas ; Ultimately forests will be destructed. It will increase the probability of disaster in downstream Bangladesh if the dam collapses due to any kind of failure and extremely large down-flow stored water; aeriously affect irrigation for Boro production at late rainy season when water flow will stop. Again if water flow increases by 110% in winter, it will affect boro paddy and vegetables causing food crisis.

The risk of earthquake will increase due to the Tipaimukh dam on the seismic fault line of three tectonic plates. In 1897, Shilong earthquake of 8.7 scale changed the river course of Bramahputra. Tipaimukh will provide 500 feet deep reservoir that will exert more pressure of 160 ton per square meter that will increase the earthquake risk tremendously.

The dam will adversely affect the social life of north-eastern region of Bangladesh specially Sylhet region and lead to loss of livelihoods and habitats of a large number of families.

Bangladesh is already under threat of climate change due to the continuous emission of GHG by the fossil fuel from the industries of the USA - the largest industrialized country of the world, China - the most populous country of the world, India - the mighty Giant neighbor of Bangladesh.

If the Tipaimukh impacts are added the problems already aggravated by the Farakka barrage in the Western and South-western parts of Bangladesh would further worsen.

Things that need to be done on an urgent basis include: Effective bilateral negotiation, common understanding and mutually benefited collaboration through realistic and practicable (that can be implement) water sharing of trans-boundary rivers in black and white (not in paper and agreement only) playing intelligent , tactful and diplomatic role in Bangladesh-India Joint River Commission (JRC) from Bangladesh part like the Indus River between India and Pakistan and many neighboring countries of the world.

Presenting the research study based data by experienced and real expert groups in the JRC meeting with strong arguments, reasons, clues and points etc.

Members of the expert group should be selected from expertise specialists and renown researchers of the specific fields.

Significant number of prior studies to assess the actual scenario of the trans-boundary rivers at the crucial and strategic points applying proper technology and knowhow, economic feasibility, financial viability and equi-participation from all walks of life of the society as well as the scientific and authentic study for flow data, water level data of river, water level data of groundwater incorporated with latest sophisticated ultrasonic mechanism, advanced computer modeling and information technology, before going to JRC meeting.

Academicians, researchers, experts as well as engineers should come forward to raise and open the adverse environmental, socio-economic and health impacts of Tipaimukh in the daily life, life of people in the north-eastern region specially Sylhet basin.

Engineers, experts and technologists should explain hydrodynamic, geo-morphological, geographical, tectonic, seismic, structural, ecological, bio-diversical, anthropological, agricultural, social, cultural, economical threats of Tipaimukh the people of all walks of life for effectively supporting the Government on the issue .

Lawyers, all type of environmentalists, Civil society, media men (both of print and news media), teli-media, teachers community, intellectuals, social workers, NGOs, public representatives such as parliament members/mayor and counselors of city corporations and municipalities/ chairmen and members of Union Councils should come forward and create awareness among the masses.

The government should the raise the trans-boundary issues like Farakka, and specially the crucial trans-boundary issue if Tipaimukh at international forums such as the UN with the collective efforts and proper cooperation of the opposition.

Bangladesh Government should handle the trans-boundary river issues like Tipaimukh issue very tactfully to realise the interest of the country.

In addition to all kinds of Government initiatives the private sector, NGOs, media groups, civil society, academia, research organizations, experts, intellects, and specialists of trans-boundary arena should raise their voice. The Government should play vital role inside the country as well as in bilateral joint river commission and multilateral and international forums.

(The writer is the senior-most faculty and head, civil and environmental engineering department Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, E-mail: aic_cee @ yahoo.com)
Prof M Aktarul Islam Chowdhury

April 25, 2010 | 11:38 PM Comments  1 comments

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India misuses all of these dams withdrawing unlimited waters in up-stream violating international laws and signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), agreements, treaties between the trans-boundary countries
About this commitment: say NO to Tipaimukh dam STOP Tipaimukh dam


India misuses all of these dams withdrawing unlimited waters in up-stream violating international laws and signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), agreements, treaties between the trans-boundary countries. Consequently environment of Bangladesh are at the extreme risks

India has resumed construction of the Tipaimukh dam on the Barack River which ends a kilometer north of Jakiganj in Sylhet division in the north-east of Bangladesh. The river then divide into two – the Surma and Kushiara before entering Bangladesh.

The dam construction work was stalled in March 2007 in the face of protests within and outside India. The Tipaimukh dam will be built 200 km from the Amolshid border, at Jakiganj, to construct a 162.5M water reservoir for hydro-power generation. The dam when completed in 2012 is supposed to provide 1500 megawatts (actually 400 MW) of power to the Indian state of Assam.

Besides, another barrage is to be built 100 km from the Bangladesh border at Fulertal in India on same river for irrigation purposes.

These two arrangements on the same Barrack River will bring a major disaster for Bangladesh, practically contributing to the drying up of 350 km long Surma and the 110 km long Kushiara Rivers which water most of the north-eastern regions of Bangladesh. As a result agriculture in large portions of Bangladesh will be affected, particularly in winter. Additionally these two installations will bring negative ecological, climatic and environmental changes to vast areas in both Bangladesh and India.

The possibility of earthquakes of more than 7 magnitude and dam failure due to earthquake is another prime concern. An earthquake will of course cause huge devastation and the breaking of the dam will create 5m high flooding conditions in the Sylhet area.

It’s not just the barrage and dam that are a source of considerable concern and trepidation in Bangladesh; in 1976 India put into operation the Farakka dam which more or less destroyed the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin, most of which lies in the deltaic plains of Bangladesh and in 1990 India also constructed a dam along the Teesta river thereby virtually making ineffective much of the Teesta dam project constructed down-stream in Bangladesh to support irrigation and agriculture in the north-west region of the country. What is even more worrying is that India has evolved plans to divert waters, from the north of the country to its drought-prone southern and eastern states, of some 53 river which flow from India to Bangladesh.

Bangladesh shares a common border with India in the west, north and east and with Myanmar in the southeast. These borders cut across 57 rivers which discharge through Bangladesh into the Bay of Bengal in the south. The upstream courses of these rivers traverse India, China, Nepal and Bhutan. Trans-boundary flows, which enter Bangladesh from remote catchments extending short distance to thousands of kilometers upstream, are the important source of water resources. Among the trans-boundary rivers, the ones most affected by Indian dams and their related systems of canals, reservoirs and irrigation schemes are Ganges, Brahmaputra, Meghna and Teesta.

Although the Indian and Bangladeshi governments have a water sharing agreement for the Ganges, there are none for the other 53 rivers that cross the border. With the Tipaimukh dam now underway, India seems to be going ahead with its mega-project of diverting river waters from its north to its south and east, thereby putting Bangladesh’s very survival at stake.

As to how the AL government is going to handle this issue of our survival through water-sharing of common rivers between India and Bangladesh is difficult to say because right now the government is suffering from a sense of complacency and “friendship” with India forgetting the fact that India is a state with interests to maintain and that Bangladesh too is a state with equally pressing imperatives to survive as such. India is taking unilateral decisions about matters which affect Bangladesh’s core interests and if these cannot be resolved bilaterally, Bangladesh must look at options of going to multilateral forums such as the UN to get its right not only recognized but also implemented.

Let’s protest the Indian movement against Bangladesh altogether. It is a survival issue of Bangladesh.

<http://tigurl.org/0vis8a

April 25, 2010 | 11:35 PM Comments  0 comments

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ITALY OPENED NEW IMMGRATION WORK PERMIT
About this event: The European And National Management Of Immigrant´s Exclusion And Integration
Related to country: Italy


The declearation from Home Ministry

http://www.interno.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/en/sezioni/sala_stampa/notizie/news/09971_online_application_procedures.html_8783074.html

Press room
2010 - News
20.04.2010
Online application procedures for permits envisaged by the 2010 Quota for Seasonal Labour Decree are open
Starting from 8 a.m. of 21st April until 12 p.m. of 31st December 2010, employers are allowed to submit applications for employment permit for non-EU seasonal workers residing abroad, up to a maximum quota of 80,000 units. Permits available for autonomous work purposes amount to 4,000.


Starting from 8 a.m of 21st April 2010 until 12 p.m. of 31st December 2010, employers are allowed to submit applications for employment permit for seasonal workers envisaged by the 2010 Quota for Seasonal Labour Decree by using the specific form available for download from: http://nullaostalavoro.interno.it/Ministero/download.

The quota decree issued in 2010 provides for the entry in Italy of up to a maximum of 80,000 non-EU seasonal workers, to be distributed over the regions and autonomous provinces by decision of the Ministry of Labour and Walfare.

The quota includes:

•Non-EU employed seasonal workers from Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Croatia, India, Ghana, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Ukraine.
•Non-EU employed seasonal workers from the following countries which signed, or are expected to sign, cooperation agreements on migration: Tunisia, Albania, Morocco, Moldova and Egypt.
•Non-EU citizens having been granted a permit to stay for seasonal work purposes as employees in 2007, 2008 and 2009.
Quotas of immigrants as autonomous workers
Moreover, this decree, while setting in advance the 2010 maximum non-EU quota for non-seasonal workers, provides for the entry of 4,000 non-EU citizens residing abroad for autonomous work purposes belonging to the following categories:

•Entrepreneurs engaging in activities of interest for the Italian economy;
•Professionals;
•Non-cooperative company associates and mangers;
•Renowned and highly skilled international artists recruited by public and private organisations;
•Craftsmen from Third countries which give financial contribution to investments made by their citizens in the national territory.
Within the limits set by this quota, no more than 1,500 units are allowed to convert their permit to stay for study and vocational training purposes into a permit for autonomous work purposes; furthermore 1,000 Lybian citizens are allowed to enter Italy for autonomous work purposes.

As far as permits to enter the national territory for autonomous work purposes are concerned, procedures envisaged by article 26 of the Consolidated Text No. 286/98 and article 39 of the Decree of the President of the Republic No. 394/99 shall apply.

April 24, 2010 | 11:03 PM Comments  10 comments

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Colf e Badanti, le nuove regole per l'assunzione
About this event: The European And National Management Of Immigrant´s Exclusion And Integration
Related to country: Italy


Che cos’è una colf?
Colf sta per collaboratrice familiare. In Italia ce ne sono un milione e centomila: il 97% sono donne, il 79% straniere. Si stima che le irregolari siano mezzo milione.

Come si assumono?
Per le italiane o comunitarie bastano un documento valido e il codice fiscale. Le pratiche per l'assunzione vanno espletate entro le 24 ore precedenti l'inizio del rapporto di lavoro presso l'Inps o i Caf, i patronati e le associazioni autorizzate. I lavoratori extracomunitari devono essere in possesso del permesso di soggiorno; il loro datore di lavoro deve inviare in Prefettura 5 giorni prima dell'inizio del rapporto una copia del contratto di soggiorno e di quello di lavoro. Deve garantire un orario settimanale non inferiore a 20 ore, dimostrare di possedere un reddito annuo almeno doppio rispetto alla retribuzione dovuta al lavoratore, impegnarsi al pagamento delle spese di viaggio in caso di rimpatrio, assicurare alloggio adeguato o esibire la richiesta del certificato di abitabilità dell’alloggio in cui vive il lavoratore.

Quali sono gli effetti previsti dal governo?
Con la sanatoria sarà possibile non solo regolarizzare il rapporto di lavoro in nero, ma anche legalizzare la presenza irregolare dei lavoratori clandestini. Il Viminale stima che la procedura interesserà circa 300 mila persone, tra cui 170 mila extracomunitari. La Ragioneria generale dello stato ha valutato che ci sarà un gettito complessivo di maggiori entrate contributive pari a un miliardo e 300 mila euro tra oggi e il 2012.

Che cosa bisogna fare per regolarizzare una colf?
La domanda per la sanatoria per colf e badanti extracomunitarie potrà essere presentata al sito del ministero dell’Interno o allo sportello Unico per l’immigrazione. Per italiani o comunitari la domanda va presentata all’Inps. I tempi: fino al 30 settembre.

Chi può usufruire di questa possibilità?
Chi abbia un rapporto di lavoro già in essere da almeno il 30 marzo 2009 e ancora in corso. Il datore di lavoro dovrà, all’atto della presentazione della domanda, versare un contributo di 500 euro per ciascun lavoratore (400 al lavoratore e 100 allo Stato per le spese). Il reddito minimo per la richiesta di assunzione non può essere inferiore a 20 mila euro per le famiglie monoreddito e 25 mila per le altre. L’orario di lavoro minimo dev’essere di 20 ore settimanali. Ogni famiglia può regolarizzare al massimo un lavoratore domestico e due assistenti alla persona.

Chi è escluso?
Non potranno essere regolarizzate colf e badanti che abbiano commesso reati gravi, abbiano già ricevuto un decreto di espulsione, abbiano condanne anche con sentenza non definitiva per reati che prevedono l’arresto in flagranza.

Cosa prevede il contratto di lavoro per le colf?
Vanno indicati: data d’inizio del rapporto di lavoro; livello di appartenenza; durata del periodo di prova (massimo 30 giorni retribuiti); esistenza o meno della convivenza; residenza e domicilio del lavoratore; orari; collocazione della mezza giornata di riposo settimanale in aggiunta alla domenica; retribuzione; periodo di godimento delle ferie annuali.

Che cosè il livello di appartenenza?
Ce ne sono quattro, ciascuno suddiviso in due parametri retributivi (standard e super). Livello A: addetti alla pulizia o baby sitter. Livello B: custodi, cameriere, giardiniere, assistenza a persone autosufficienti. Livello C: assistente a persone non autosufficienti. Livello D: governante, maggiordomo, assistente formato a persone non autosufficienti.

Quanto lavorano e quanto vengono pagate?
Lo stipendio varia a seconda del livello: per chi vive a casa del datore di lavoro si va tra i 550 euro mensili per il livello A ai 1200 per il livello D. L'assistenza notturna va da 862 a 1207 euro mensili. Per i lavoratori non conviventi la paga è oraria: 4 euro per il livello A, 7,10 per il D. Al lavoratore spetta la tredicesima. L'orario è di massimo 10 ore giornaliere, non consecutive, per un totale di 54 ore settimanali per i lavoratori conviventi; 8 ore giornaliere non consecutive per un totale di 40 ore settimanali, distribuite su 5 o 6 giorni per i lavoratori non conviventi. A chi lavora almeno 6 ore consecutive spetta un pasto o un'indennità di pari valore. Lo straordinario prevede una retribuzione oraria maggiorata del 25% dalle 6 alle 22, del 50% dalle 22 alle 6 e del 60% la domenica o nei festivi.

Ferie, riposi e permessi?
Il riposo settimanale è di 36 ore e deve essere goduto per 24 ore di domenica (salvo diversi accordi tra le parti), mentre le residue 12 ore possono essere godute in qualsiasi altro giorno. Chi lavora nelle 12 ore di riposo non domenicale deve avere una maggiorazione del 40%. Nei giorni festivi si riposa. Le ferie ammontano a 26 giorni lavorativi l'anno. Sono previsti permessi per le madri e per frequentare corsi di formazione, oltre a permessi per malattia e sindacali.


September 1, 2009 | 9:55 AM Comments  4 comments



Michael Jackson: 1958-2009
Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

Michael Jackson: 1958-2009
"King of Pop" Was Entertainment World's Most Influential Performer - And Tabloid World's Most Disturbing Celebrity




Michael Jackson: 1958-2009

The "King Of Pop" had a life full of number one hits and personal scandals
Stories
NJ Promoter Sues King Of Pop
Jackson Recruits Old Pal For Tour
(CBS/ AP) Michael Jackson, the moonwalking former child star who became known the world over as the "King of Pop" before his life and career deteriorated in a freakish series of scandals, has died. He was 50.

A person with knowledge of the situation says Jackson died Thursday in a Los Angeles hospital. The person was not authorized to speak publicly and requested anonymity.

His death brought a tragic end to a long, bizarre, sometimes farcical decline from his peak in the 1980s, when he was popular music's premier all-around performer, a uniter of black and white music who shattered the race barrier on MTV, dominated the charts and dazzled even more on stage.
Jackson's 1982 album, "Thriller" still is the top-selling album of all time, and Michael Jackson was the top performer in the world through much of the 1980s. But somewhere along the way, Jackson went from the king of pop to wacko Jacko.

Some say it started with an accident during the filming of a TV commercial that burned his scalp severely and led to a dependence on prescription pain killers. He became an increasingly reclusive and odd figure.
He was married briefly to Elvis Presley's daughter, then to his skin doctor's assistant. Jackson was a father of three, despite ongoing speculation that they could not be his natural children. He sparked one of his many scandals when he dangled one of the children over a balcony, causing concern of his parenting skills.

All of those scandals paled to the ongoing suspicion of child abuse. He paid one boy more than $20 million to make his allegations go away, but it happened again one day in November 2003.

The charges stemmed from a documentary in which Jackson stated again his belief that having young boys in his bed was completely natural.

"It's very right. It's very loving. That's what the world needs now," Jackson said at the time.

Much of the world saw it differently. Jackson was arrested, handcuffed, booked and eventually stood trial. The court case was a surreal spectacle befitting Jackson's bizarre way of life, including dancing on top of SUVS, pajamas worn to court, and a string of celebrities walking in and out of the courthouse in Santa Maria, California.

"Please keep an open mind and let me have my day in court," Jackson said.

But the inconsistent testimony from the boy and his family members, including a truly bizarre five days on the stand from the boy's mother, convinced the jury Jackson was not guilty. Still, the acquittal never completely put to rest the questions surrounding Michael Jackson., a curious figure who leaves behind a legacy of staggering musical genius, and stunningly bad judgment.

Jackson has kept a largely low profile in recent years but in March, he announced he would perform a series of London concerts scheduled for July.

Jackson was a master of memorable performances and a man whose real life remains a mystery. Michael Jackson also leaves legions of fans with an ongoing fascination with the one-time and some would say forever king of pop

Collected by
M.S.A. Shobuz

June 25, 2009 | 7:19 PM Comments  1 comments

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Can you rEally read this ?
Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

if yuo cna raed tihs, yuo hvae a sgtrane mnid too. Cna yuo raed tihs? Olny 55% of plepoe can. i cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it dseno't mtaetr in waht oerdr the ltteres in a wrod are, the olny iproamtnt tihng is taht the frsit and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it whotuit a pboerlm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Azanmig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!

January 30, 2009 | 1:17 PM Comments  1 comments

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Youth's Corruption and His Problems
Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

There are many and various reasons for youth's corruption and his problems. Man, during the period of his youthfulness has a lot of physical, mental and intellectual developments. That period is an evolutionary one in which man experiences rapid development in his transformation. Hence the need for providing him with means of self-control and curbing of his self-defiance as well as wise leadership that can lead him to the straight path. Youth corruption can be attributed to many factors, prominent among them are:

1. Joblessness

Joblessness is a disease that kills mental, intellectual and physical capabilities. As a matter of fact, it is inevitable that human being should move and work and if he is deprived of work and movement, his brain becomes beset, his intellect becomes exhausted, and movement of the mind becomes weak and devilish insinuations and malicious thoughts take control of his heart. Evil and wicked intentions may occur to him as a result of the depression that befalls him out of his joblessness.

In order to be cured of this disease, the affected youth should get a vocation that suits him like reading, writing, trading or any other thing that can stand between him and his joblessness and which is capable of making him a sound and useful member of his community whether he does the work for himself or for others.

2. Estrangement between youths and elders

This problem appears in a situation where some elders see corruption in their youths and just stand aloof without making any effort to correct them having lost hope in their reform and consequently hating them or being scared of them and paying non-challenged attitude to their conditions whether they are good or bad.

These elders have already concluded that youths are all corrupted and therefore nurse psychological grudges against every youth, a situation that tears the society apart and causes both elders and youths to regard each other with contempt and disdain. This, indeed, is one of the dangers that encircle the society.

This problem however can be solved if elders and youths endeavour to remove the estrangement and alienation that exist between them. Both should bear it in mind that society- with its youths and elders - is like a single body, and if a part of it decays, the decadence will affect the whole body. Elders also are requested to feel the sense of responsibility rested on their shoulders towards their youths and eliminate the hopelessness of youths' piety in their minds because Allah is capable of doing everything.

For, how often a person straying far has been guided by Allah who thereafter became a torch of guidance and a reformer.
Youths on their part, should hold their elders in high esteem. They should respect their views and accept their directives because they have achieved degrees of experience and reality of life which youths have not achieved. Therefore when elders' wisdom are added to youths' energy the society becomes prosperous by the will of Allah.

3. Getting in contact with corrupted people and keeping their companies

This situation has a lot of psychological, mental and moral influence on the youth. That is why the Prophet (ًٍٍٍِSAWS) said: "Man is on the religion of his intimate friend, so let every one of you look critically for whom to befriend."

Solution to this problem is that the youth should choose a righteous, good and intelligent person as his companion in order to benefit from his goodness, righteousness and intelligence. He should consider people very well before befriending them by studying their conditions and reputations. If they happen to be people of noble character, upright, religious and of good reputation, they are his object of long cherished wish and his acquired booty. He should therefore stick to them.

If on the other hand they happen to be people of opposite characters, he must be cautious of them, keep away from them and should not be carried away by their sweet-talk and fine outward appearance.

4. Reading of destructive books, magazines, newspapers, etc

This type of literature makes one skeptical about his religion and faith and drags one from excellent morality to the abyss of degeneration which naturally leads to kufr (disbelief) and depravity if the youth does not have a strong resistance power in terms of deep Islamic education and mental acuteness and sagacity that can enable him differentiate between truth and falsehood and between what is useful and what is harmful.

Also, reading of this kind of literature turns the youth upside down because it meets fertile ground in his mind and thinking without any hindrance and get its roots strengthened and its stem solidified. It also reflects in his rationality and life.

The solution to this problem is to immediately shift from reading such literature to books that inculcate the love of Allah and His Prophet (SAWS) in one's heart and those books that help in actualizing faith and virtuous deeds. He should patiently endure reading of those books because his soul will put up a strong fight against him in order to coerce him into reading what he was used to before and will make him feel bored and irritated at reading useful books.

Example of him is like a person who wrestles with his soul so as to force it obeys Allah and the soul instead insists on wallowing in falsehood and distraction.

There are many useful books that help in this situation, most important of which is the Noble Qur'an and its Tafseer (explanation) written by scholars who based their exegesis on authentically transmitted ahadeeth [Traditions of Prophet Muhammad (SAWS)] and unequivocal common sense. Equally important and useful are books on ahadeeth and writings of scholars that are deduced and inferred from the two above mentioned sources.

[Summarized from: Youth's Problems in the Light of the Qur'an and Sunnah]



Collected By
SB

January 29, 2009 | 11:13 PM Comments  1 comments

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আর কত মেরে থামবে শিকার, গণচিঠি দিন দেশে দেশে
Related to country: Bangladesh

Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

http://causes.com/stopwar

আর কত মেরে থামবে শিকার, গণচিঠি দিন দেশে দেশে

http://www.somewhereinblog.net/blog/kakshalikgangchil/28898192


(কিছু মন্তব্য দেখে নীচের দিকে কিছু কথা যোগ করতে বাধ্য হলাম। এই পোস্টে এমনহলে মূলসুরটাই কেটে যায়। অনুরোধ করছি, সেই ধরনের কথা,মনোভাব বর্জন করার।অন্যকথাও কিছু আছে)

আমরা ব্লগ থেকে সংগঠিত হয়ে গিয়ে নিজেরা সরিয়ে আনতে পারিনা মৃত্যুর কোলের শিশুদের, মানুষদের। চাইলেই ট্যাঙ্কগুলোকে লাগাতে পারিনা চাষের কাজে। এইগুলি হতে পারে না আ্যাম্বুলেন্স।
যারা চাকরি করতে এসে গুলি ছুড়ছে তাদের মনে করিয়ে দিতে পারি না, বন্দুক ফেলে দাও কিংবা একবার ঘুরিয়ে দেখ মুখ নির্দেশকারির দিকে।
শিশুরা যারা মিসাইলে লেখে ভালবাসার কথা, তাদের বুঝিয়ে দিতে পারি না, তোমাদের বুকে কেন বোনা হচ্ছে ঘৃনার বীজ,শত্রু কোথায়।আমরা হয়ত নিজেদের জায়গার একটা মিছিলও করতে পারি না, পারি হয়ত।

আজ পুঁজিবাদের এই আগ্রাসনে, রাস্ট্রায়ত্ত পুঁজির স্বার্থ কী নিদারুন চেহারা নিচ্ছে আমরা তা বুঝতে পারছি অনায়াসে। নিজের সন্তানের মুখে চোখ রেখে অন্তত আমরা শিউরে উঠতে পারি সেই প্রতিফলনে, গাজার শিশু, ইসরায়েলি শিশু তার বাবা-মায়ের সাথে আমাদের কোন পার্থক্য নেই।

বাংলাদেশের যুদ্ধাপরাধীদের বিচার চেয়ে এই ব্লগাররা অনেক সংঘঠিত ভাবে কাজ করছেন। গনস্বাক্ষরে চাইবেন বিচার। এখন কিন্তু সেরকম সময়ও আর নেই , গাজার জন্য।
নীচে চিঠি রাখলাম সঙ্গে পৃথিবীর প্রায় সবদেশের কতৃপক্ষের ই-মেল আই ডি, রাস্ট্রসংঘের টা এবং তাদের বিভিন্নদেশের অফিসগুলোর ঠিকানা।
আমরা অন্তত তাদের প্রত্যেকদিন মেল করে মনে করিয়ে দিতে পারি ভয়াভয়তার কথা।
যারা অন্য ব্লগগুলোতেও যান, তাঁরাও এইগুলি নিয়ে সেখানে পোস্টদিন।
ঠিকানাগুলো সব ইন্টারনেট থেকে সংগৃহিত, পরীক্ষা করে দেখা হয়নি তবে যতদূর সম্বভ অফিসিয়াল সাইট থেকেই নেয়া হয়েছে।

রাস্ট্রসংঘের মহাসচিব এবং তাদের বিভিন্ন দেশের কর্তাদের দিচ্ছি
এই চিঠি। এখানে সব সদস্যদেশ এবং অন্যদু'একটি দেশ রয়েছে এতে আমরা প্রায় সব দেশেই পৌঁছব। যতটা পারি ভাগ ভাগ করে দি্যেছি কপি করার সুবিধার্থে।

United Nations

Please STOP GENOCIDE IN GAZA, STOP INFANTICIDE IN GAZA.
You are meant to maintain peace. Ask nations to mount pressure, send peace keeping force to Gaza, if it needs. Explel itruders from Gaza.
We can not tolerate more, stop the barbarism

United Permanent Missions
Please place this plea to your concerned country-authority, its people, politicians.
Stop triggering humans.

প্রথমটা আই ডি টা মহাসচিবের
inquiries@un.org,

afgwatan@aol.com, albania@un.int, algeria@un.int, andorra@un.int, themission@angolaun.org, argentina@un.int, armenia@un.int, australia@un.int, azerbaijan@un.int, bangladesh@un.int, bahrain@un.int, info@bruneimission-ny.org, prun@foreign.gov.bb, belarus@un.int, blzun@aol.com, bihnyun@aol.com, botswana@un.int, bulgaria@un.int, bfapm@un.int, burundi@un.int, cambodia@un.int, canada@un.int, capeverde@un.int, caf@un.int, chile@un.int, colombia@colombiaun.org, congo@un.int, costarica@un.int, cuba@un.int, pmccyprus.un@verizon.net, un.newyork@embassy.mzv.cz, dpr.korea@verizon.net, drcongo@un.int, nycmis@um.dk, djibouti@nyct.net, domun@onecommonwealth.org, drun@un.int, egypt@un.int, elsalvador@un.int, mission.newyork@mfa.ee, fiji@un.int, france@un.int, gambia@un.int, germany@un.int, ghanaperm@aol.com, grenada@un.int, guatemala@un.int, missionofguinea@aol.com, guyana@un.int, haiti@un.int, hungary@un.int, unmission@mfa.is, iran@un.int, ireland@un.int, italy@un.int, jamaica@un.int, mission@un-japan.org, missionun@jordanmissionun.com, kazakhstan@un.int, kenya@un.int, lesotho@un.int, libya@un.int, lithuania@un.int, repermad@verizon.net, malawinewyork@aol.com, malaysia@un.int, maldives@un.int, nicaragua@un.int, sknmission@aol.com, rusun@un.int, misiune@romaniaun.org, unmoldova@aol.com, korea@un.int, portugal@un.int, misunphil@aol.com, onuper@aol.com, paraguay@un.int, pngmission@pngun.org, emb@panama-un.org, mission@palauun.org, malionu@aol.com, oman@un.int, samoa@un.int, netherlands@un.int, nepal@un.int, nauru@un.int, namibia@un.int, myanmar@un.int, mozambique@un.int, mongolia@un.int, monaco@un.int, fsmun@fsmgov.org, mexico@un.int, mauritius@un.int, mauritania@un.int, marshallislands@un.int, pakistan@un.int, swaziland@un.int, malawiu@aol.com, myanmarmission@verizon.net, nauru@onecommonwealth.org, cuba_onu@cubanmission.com, uruguay@un.int, tzrepny@aol.com, uk@un.int, tuvalu@onecommonwealth.org, turkmenistan@un.int, tto@un.int, tongaunmission@aol.com, timor-leste@un.int, thailand@un.int, slumission@aol.com, slovenia@un.int, ethiopia@un.int, stp1@attglobal.net, saudi-mission@un.int, seychelles@un.int, sierraleone@un.int, tajikistanun@aol.com, mission@newyork.mfa.sk, sweden@un.int, somalia@un.int, pmun@southafrica-newyork.net, slpmny@aol.com, sudan@sudanmission.org, suriname@un.int, svgun@aol.com, singapore@un.int, zimbabwe@un.int.org, yemen@un.int, vietnamun@vnmission.com, venezuela@un.int, vanunmis@aol.com, usa@un.int, vertretung-un@nyc.rep.admin.ch, blzun@belizemission.com, niger@nigerun.org, delun@mfa.no, poland@polandun.org, sanmarinoun@hotmail.com, senegal.mission@yahoo.fr, syrianmission@verizonmail.com, uno_us@mfa.gov.ua, german-mission-consulate-gic-1@netlink1.net, un.newyork@mfa.no, support@glocksoft.com, ask@israel-info.gov.il, mission@bahamasny.com, nzmissionny@earthlink.net, unmission@belembassy.org, newyork.rp@mae.etat.lu, delgaliviaonu@hotmail.com, delbrasonu@delbrasonu.org, cotedivoiremission@yahoo.com, cromiss.un@mvp.hr, equatorialguineamission@yahoo.com, sanomat.yke@formin.fi, mission@greeceun.org, honduras_un@hotmail.com, india@un.int,indiaun@prodigy.net, imission@nyc.rr.com, kuwaitmission@msn.com, mission.un-ny@mfa.gov.lv, mission@nyc.rep.llv.li, newyorkun@diplobel.be ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
এটা দিচ্ছি রাস্ট্রগুলোকে
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Government, Politicians and People of the nation

Please STOP GENOCIDE IN GAZA, STOP INFANTICIDE IN GAZA.
We are meant to maintain peace. Ask nations to mount pressure, send peace keeping force to Gaza, if it needs. Explel itruders from Gaza.
We can not tolerate more, stop the barbarism

Tell
United Nations
Please place this plea to your people, politicians.
Stop triggering humans.

ই-মেল :

presec@presec.tirana.al, postmaster@minjash.tirana.al,
dragc@gg.dz, pmo@candw.ag,spyd@presidencia.gov.ar,
president@president.am, premier@dpac.tas.gov.au, vklima@spoe.or.at,
bcc@btl.net, foreign@barbadosgov.org,infogrp@president.gov.by, info@belgium.be,
celcom@camnet.cm,
pm@pm.gc.ca, altatalk@gov.ab.ca, pcmbrava@mail.cvtelecom.cv,
webmaster@presidencia.cl, ceo@ceo.gcn.gov.hk, pastrana@presidencia.gov.co, rherrera@ns.casapres.go.cr,
admin@president.hr,
pioxx@cytanet.com.cy,
president@hrad.cz,
stm@stm.dk,
pmoffice@cwdom.dm,
correspondencias@presidencia.gov.do,
lpolanco@serex.gov.do,
webmast@mmrree.gov.ec,
webmaster@presidency.gov.eg,
presidente@casapres.gob.sv,
sekretar@vpk.ee,
valitsus@rk.ee,
info@fiji.gov.fj,
paavo.lipponen@eduskunta.fi,
presidentti@tpk.vn.fi,
office@presidpress.gov.ge,
mail@primeminister.gr,
homerule@gh.gl,
alvaroarzu@guate.net,
Viktor.Orban@meh.hu,
cfwang@hlhg.gov.tw,
david@althingi.is,
webmaster@taoiseach.irlgov.ie,
ask@israel-info.gov.il,
staff@relay.regione.abruzzo.it,
jpm@kantei.go.jp,
info@nic.gov.jo,

vice_president@whitehouse.gov,
comments@whitehouse.gov,
consultassre@gmail.com,
chancery@president.lv,
info@lp.gov.lb,
gidirg@president.lt,
kanceliarija@lrvk.lt,
admin@foreign.gov.mv,
statepas@intnet.mu,
foreignaffairs@mail.fm,
Elbegdorj_TS@prime.pmis.gov.mn,
iczmerc@iafrica.com.na,
provincie@flevoland.nl,
odin@ft.dep.telemax.no,
prime.minister@ministers.govt.nz,
presidente@presidencia.gob.ni,
www@cm.gov.nc.tr,
cfwang@hlhg.gov.tw,
frank-fhp@maf.org,
govspkmn@mozart.inet.co.th,
presoftt@carib-link.net,
cankaya@tccb.gov.tr,
ddlbsl@tccb.gov.tr,
mofa@starcom.co.ug,

number10@petitions.pm.gov.uk,
postmaster@ribbon.kiev.ua,
oda@mail.gov.if.ua,
prime_minister@tavrida.crimea.ua,
ens@odsadm.odessa.ua,
press.nio@nics.gov.uk,
comexpri@bolivar.funmrd.gov.ve,
slobodan.milosevic@gov.yu,
state@zamnet.zm,

primeminister@pak.gov.pk,
postmaster@mininfo.pna.org,

presssecy@alpha.nic.in,
presidentofindia@rb.nic.in,
manmohan@sansad.nic.in,

ofasin@presidencia.gob.pa,
primeminister@pm.gov.pg,
oppto_martin@pres.gob.pe,
inka+@qenqo.rcp.net.pe,
erap@erap.com,
ppdoadn@butuanonline.com,
capitol@bgo.cyberspace.com.ph,
listy@prezydent.pl,
cirinfo@kprm.gov.pl,
guv@kappa.ro,
president@gov.ru,
secretariat@tatar.ru,
pmoffice@candw.lc,
ppo@seychelles.net,
tomaz.lovrencic@vlada.sigov.mail.si,
darinka.ilovar@up.sigov.mail.si,
communications@po.gov.za,
premsa@iafrica.com,
for_min@sri.lanka.net,
burpres@sr.net,
ppcu@realnet.co.sz,
regeringen@regeringen.se,
peter.w.frey@ag.ch,
info@sip.etat.lu,president@albd.org, postmaster@mx.parliament.govt.nz,postmaster@ag.ch,postmaster@maf.org,postmaster@ag.ch,paavo.t.lipponen@gmail.com,homerule@g.gh.gl,homerule@gh.gl,postmaster@presidencia.gob.do,postmaster@maf.org,postmaster@serex.gov.do,ask@israel-info.gov.il,postmaster@mininfo.pna.org

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ইসরায়েল আর প্যালেস্টাইনের দু'টো আলাদা করে দিলাম । ইচ্ছা হলে আলাদা করে লিখতে পারেন।
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ইসারেল:ask@israel-info.gov.il
প্যালেস্টাইন: postmaster@mininfo.pna.org
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হোয়াইট হাউস: comments@whitehouse.gov
vice-president কেও লেখা যেতে পারে।
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সংযোজিত: কয়েকটা মেইল বাউন্স করতে পারে মেইল বক্স ভর্তি না অন্যকারনে, সেগুলিতে মনোযোগ দেয়ার দরকার নেই,ঐরকম অধিকাংশ ক্ষেত্রেই দ্বিতীয় কোনোও আই ডি জুড়ে দেয়া হয়েছে পোস্টে।
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যে সব দেশের সরকারের ঠিকানা ২য় চিঠিতে আছে সেগুলি হল

Afganistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and BarbudaArgentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, AzerbaijanBahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin,Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Dem. Rep.), Congo (Rep.), Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark, Djibouit, Dominica, Dominican Republic,Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia,Fiji, Finland, France,Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Greenland, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,Haiti, Honduras, Hungary,Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast,Jamaica, Japan, Jordan
Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan,Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg,Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar,Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Cyprus, North Korea, Norway

Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu,Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom,Vanuatu, Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam,Western Samoa,Yemen, Yugoslavia,Zambia, Zimbabwe,
Oman,Pakistan, Palau, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,Philippines, Poland, Portugal,Qatar,Romania, Russia, Rwanda,Saint Kitts And Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent And The Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome And Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka,Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria

ই-মেল এ কপি করতে অসুবিধা হবে বলে পাশাপাশি দিলাম না

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এই পোস্টে কিছু মন্তব্য দেখে, এই অংশটি যোগ করছি :

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গাজার মানুষ বাঁচুক, তা সে মুসলিম না অন্যকিছু তার খবরের দরকার নেই। গাজার মানুষ বাঁচাতে গিয়ে ইসরায়েল মানুষ পাল্টা নিধনে মারা যাক, তা চাই না। উপরেও সেটা লিখেছি।
এই পোস্টি দয়া করে কোন ধর্মীয় গোষ্ঠির উপর আঘাত এই দৃষ্টিকোন থেকে লেখিনি। দয়া করে সেরকম কোন বিচার থেকে কোনো কমেন্ট করবেন না, যাদের কাছে মানুষ মারা যাচ্ছে, শুধু এটাই কোন পয়েন্ট না, সাথে অন্য অনুপান চান, তারা দয়া করে এখানে লেখা বিরত রাখুন। কারন এতে মূল উদ্দেশ্যটাই মার যায়। এইরকম রেসিস্ট অনিভবের ফসলই কিন্তু আজেকর গাজা। মূল শত্রু কারা সেটা চিন্হিত ও বর্জন করুন, সেটা পুঁজিবাদি আগ্রসান যারা ধর্মকে একটা অস্ত্র হিসাবে ব্যবহার করে।

কোন কেয়ামত চাইনা আরও কী ধ্বংস দরকার। কিসের পর কী কেয়ামত আসে বলে কেউ বলেছেন।কোন বিতর্ক করে এই পোস্টির মূল ভাবনাটা ঘুরিয়ে দিতে চাই না, আপনারাও বর্জন করুন প্রতিক্রীয়াশিল মোনোভাবের মন্তব্যগুলিকে।
হিব্রু'র উত্তর দিতে পারি কিন্তু তার আগে দরকার শিশুদের, মানুষের মৃত্যু বন্ধ হওয়া।মৃত্যু নিয়ে না হয় ধর্ম নাই হল। মৃত্যু মানে সবার কাছেই এক, গাজার শিশু, ইসরায়েলি শিশু তার বাবা-মায়ের সাথে আমাদের কোন পার্থক্য নেই।
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

১৮ ই জানুয়ারী, ২:৩০
ইসরায়েল সিসফায়ার করবে বলে মুখে বলেছে, ৩০ মিনিট আগে নাকি তা শুরু হয়েছে কিন্তু সেনা,বন্দুক,গোলা-বারুদ নিয়ে বসে আছে গাজাতেই , তাদের প্রোয়োজনে আবার শুরু করবে বলে । আগ্রাসন। এ কেমন সিজ -ফায়ার !!!!! ভাঁওতা মনে হয়, আসলে মানূষ মারতে আরও ছুতো সাজানো হচ্ছে।
জেনেভা কনভেনসনের কিছুই মানা হচ্ছে না।
আমরা এখনই চিঠি লেখা বন্ধ করছি না। আরও দুটো লাইন যোগ করছি তাতে।মানুষ মারাই লক্ষ্য।
পৃথিবীতে যুদ্ধ বন্ধ হোক।



Collected by

Shobuz Bhai ( http://causes.com/stopwar )

from somewhereinblog.net




January 19, 2009 | 7:32 PM Comments  0 comments

Tags:


Earth Quake - Bangladesh
Related to country: Bangladesh

Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

Click the lInk for details

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Maps/10/90_25.php

Moderate quake hits northeastern Bangladesh
2 hours ago

A shallow, 4.9-magnitude earthquake hit northeastern Bangladesh early Sunday, meteorologists said.

The US Geological Survey (USGS) said the quake was centred 115 kilometres (70 miles) north of the capital Dhaka at a depth of 5.2 kilometres and struck at 12:51 am (1851 GMT Saturday).

There were no reports of any damage or casualties, but the tremor was felt in Dhaka and a police spokesman in Mymensingh, the district nearest the epicentre, told AFP it sparked panic there.

A meteorologist at Bangladesh's Storm Warning Centre said it had measured the quake at 5.6 on the Richter scale, according to local media reports.

Bangladesh last month announced plans to step up its earthquake response contingency plans.

The South Asian nation sits on active tectonic plates and is frequently jolted by tremors. The last major earthquake struck in 1896.


AFP- Report

Collected by
M.S.A. Shobuz

July 26, 2008 | 7:35 PM Comments  2 comments

Tags:


Untitled
Related to this project: Permesso di Sorggiorno and Full Rights for all the Immigrants

Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

Italy declares state of emergency over immigration

Saturday, 26 July , 2008, 16:40

Rome: The Italian government announced a nationwide state of emergency on Saturday in reaction to a phenomenal increase in illegal immigration to the country's south.

The Silvio Berlusconi government's move is to provide local authorities with greater means to deal with the rising tide of illegals arriving by boat.

Interior Minister Roberto Maroni plans to build new intake centres throughout the country, the daily La Repubblica reported.

Also in the news: Anxiety in Bangalore a day after terror blasts | Column: Heroes of a devil's democracy

According to the interior ministry, nearly 11,000 people illegally migrated to Italy in the first half of 2008, twice as many that came in the same period in 2007.

The Italian government called a state of emergency with a wave of refugees in 2002 and it was renewed annually - even under the centre-left government of Romano Prodi. As the intake centres in February 2008 seemed sufficient, the Prodi government limited the emergency measures to the three southern regions of Calabria, Sicily and Puglia. The Berlusconi government at the behest of the Interior Ministry has now widened the powers to the entire country.

Warning of the introduction of a "police state," the country's opposition attacked the measures sharply, calling them abhorrent. "Italy does not need inhuman and extraordinary measures," said parliamentarian Rocco Buttiglione, the Turin-based newspaper La Stampa reported on Saturday.

In response, Maroni criticised what he claimed was the opposition intention to make the state of emergency seem like an entirely new development, and called the opposition position "the worst Italian politics."

The Interior Minister is to face Parliament on Tuesday.

Berlusconi, who was elected Prime Minister in April, had declared the fight against illegal immigration a priority. A first step was the passage this week of a package of new security laws brought forward by the conservative government.

The number of illegal immigrants in Italy is estimated at around 650,000. Tens of thousands of refugees attempt the dangerous journey in less-than-seaworthy boats from North Africa into southern Europe each year.

Overnight another 73 would-be immigrants arrived in two boats at the Italian island of Lampedusa.



Collected By
M.S.A. Shobuz

July 26, 2008 | 6:56 PM Comments  2 comments

Tags:


Symbol, barcode, sign, logo for Msn & others
Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

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⊙▂⊙ ⊙0⊙ ⊙︿⊙ ⊙ω⊙ ⊙﹏⊙ ⊙△⊙ ⊙▽⊙ ≧0≦ o(╥﹏╥)o //(ㄒoㄒ)// {{{(>_<)}}} ☀ <º))))><.·´¯`·.§ h £ ® ß € ¯|¯ •·.·´¯`·.·• .·´¯`·.><((((º> —(•·÷[ ]÷·•)— ·÷±‡±±‡±÷· Oº°‘¨ ¨‘°ºO •°o.O O.o°• ¨°o.O O.o°¨ —¤÷(`[¤* *¤]´)÷¤— •·.·´¯`·.·• •·.·´¯`·.·• «·´`·.(`·.¸ ¸.·´).·´`·» ׺°”˜`”°º× ׺°”˜`”°º× »-(¯`v´¯)-» ×÷·.·´¯`·)» «(·´¯`·.·÷× ゃōゃ

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 o(‧""‧)o (-_-)b \ _ / ♡.  ̄□ ̄||  ------(˙<>˙)/------   <("""O""")> ♡. (#‵′)凸  (‵▽′)ψ   @  (^人^) (*‧↓˙*) ♡. (O ^ ~ ^ O)  ♡. ( ̄▽ ̄)~* ( ̄﹏ ̄) ( ̄ˇ ̄) ♡. ( ̄︶ ̄)> <( ̄︶ ̄)/ (‵﹏′) ╮(‵▽′)╭ (‵▽′)/♡. 萬歲.真棒.開心~♡. ≧▽≦y (/≧▽≦/) (≧▽≦)y (/≧▽≦)/~┴┴ (≧▽≦)(@) ♡. (≧3≦)/ (≧ω≦)/ o(≧ω≦)o o(≧o≦)o

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April 10, 2008 | 2:24 AM Comments  1 comments



Radhuni Bangladesh Night in Rome
Related to country: Italy

Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

Radhuni Bangladesh Night in Rome


Radhuni, a popular brand of Square Consumer Products, will arrange a two-day
cultural extravaganza in Rome from April 13.
The organisers informed media at a press conference held on Saturday in
the city. Abdul Mukit Muzamder, director of Impress Telefilm Limited,
Mohammad Malik Syeed, head of marketing of Square Consumers Products limited
and Obadiul Haq, assistant marketing manager of the same organisation, among
others, were present at the briefing.
They said that the noted singers and performers would take part at the
programme titled 'Radhuni Bangladesh Night'.
Among the artists, popular singers Sabina Yasmin, Kumar Bishwajit, Bari
Siddiquee, Ankhi Alamgir, Nukul Kumar Bishwas, Biplab and Shahnaz Belly will
sing at the programme. Popular performers Mahfuz Ahmed, Purnima, Tisha,
Tinni, and model-turned-actor Novel will also attend the extravaganza.
The organisers hoped that the cultural programme would not only uphold
the spice product Radhuni among the Italians but also would present the
cultural heritage.
The two-day cultural function would also delight the expatriate
Bangladeshis in Rome, they added.
They also said that the product had already earned a good response in the
Italian market and this sort of programme would help to popularise the
product more in that country.
Channel-i will co-operate with the organisers as the media partner for
the event.

Cultural Correspondent
Newsbd

Collected By
Shobuz Bhai



April 8, 2008 | 11:12 PM Comments  0 comments



There is no such thing that truth lies outside of you. the ultimate truth lies within you.
Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

The Human

Sura # 76 (The Human):

1. "Is it not a fact that there was a time when the human being was nothing to be mentioned?"
2. "We created the human from a liquid mixture, from two parents, in order to test him. Thus, we made him a hearer and a seer."
3. "We showed him the two paths, then he is either appreciative, or unappreciative."


What most people are unaware of, is the very STRUCTURE of their own selves.

Most of us grow up to think that 'we' are just made-up of the 'soul' which, when it dies, reverts back to GOD.

Although this information is 'partially' correct, there is also much more to the make-up of the human being which GOD explains to us through the Quran.

It is the devil's system to confuse and weaken us so we do not even know how to fight him!. One principal rule of any conflict is that you "know your enemy". But before doing that, you must first "know yourself"!.



Rouh = Soul?

This is the single biggest misconception that people have made which helped distort the issue of 'who we are'.

In Arabia, when someone dies, the people say: 'let us pray on his Rouh!'.

Also, when they speak about someone dying, the say: 'his Rouh has left him'.

In schools, they teach our kids that the 'Soul' is the 'Rouh' and that is what will die and be judged and punished or rewarded...

However, the story changes when we look at what GOD has to say:

"GOD takes the 'Nafs' when death comes, and also at the time of sleep..." (39:42)

"No 'Nafs' dies except by GOD's leave, at a predetermined time..." (3:145)

"Every 'Nafs' tastes death, then you receive your recompense on the Day of Resurrection..." (3:185)

"...You shall not kill the 'Nafs' that GOD has made sacred, except in the course of justice..." (6:151)

"...she said: my Lord, I have wronged my 'Nafs"..." (27:16)

Well, you get the picture!.

GOD tells us that our 'Soul' is called 'Nafs', and that this 'Nafs' is what is taken at death and what is judged on j-day (then rewarded or punished). The 'Nafs' is YOU, it is your entire being, it is your slate, which is burdened or lightened by your actions...

So, if the 'Soul' is the 'Nafs', then what is the Rouh?



Rouh = Spirit.

"While a barrier separated her from them, we sent to her Our 'Rouh'. He went to her in the form of a human being." (19:17)

"They ask you about the 'Rouh'. Say: 'The 'Rouh' comes from my Lord. And you were not given knowledge, except little." (Quran 17:85)

It becomes apparent to the reader that the 'Rouh' is from GOD and it is the accumulation of 'knowledge' that will assist the human being in his life...It is best described as 'Spirit'.

You see, animals also have 'Nafs' just like we do (it is their life-force), yet, you do not see monkeys building spaceships nor turtles working on computers!.

The 'Rouh' is the gift that GOD gave to our species to allow us the advantage of 'knowledge'.

"Once I perfect him (the human), and blow into him from My 'Rouh', you shall fall prostrate before him." (15:29)

All animals can communicate with one another (remember the birds speaking to Solomon?). However, it is only man that has 'knowledge'.

The 'Rouh' is GOD's gift to us, and it is only GOOD. The information that the 'Rouh' provides each of us is to be used for our benefit, but we have the 'choice' to use it for evil (like nuclear fission being used to make a bomb).

Some unfortunate news about the 'Rouh': It will NEVER approach you and save the day. for example, you are struggling to understand something. If you don't ask GOD for help, it won't go; "hey, here is the answer!" no, you have to approach it. Also, it will always be LITERAL. you will have to be specific of what you are asking. Note, you don't have to say this out loud. You can just think of it - because many times, humans have hard time expressing what exactly they want to ask. With the spirit of god, you don't have to worry about this - as long as you get the intention of asking, the spirit will know the question...as much as you wanted to ask and that ALONE (though it knows all the questions you know - it is not going to answer anything you did not ask).



Thus if we can summarize what we have upto this point.

The human being so far is made-up of:

1. The 'Soul' - Nafs (the is YOU, the real person, what makes choices and what will be judged);

2. The 'Spirit' - Rouh (this is a gift from GOD, it is NOT yours, you do not own it, all people have access to it - like the Quran. It's purpose is to help provide answers and knowledge to help your Soul make the right decisions).




Satan - Shaitan

The 3rd and most lethal mix in the equation of man is 'Satan'.

"He (Satan) said, "Since You have honored him over me, if You respite me till the Day of Resurrection, I will possess all his descendants, except a few." (17:62)

The unfortunate fact of our lives is that Satan challenged the right of our ancestors to posses access to the 'Rouh". Satan claimed that he was more qualified to utilize GOD's gift and that he would do a better job with it:

He (GOD) said, "What prevented you from serving when I ordered you?" He said, "I am better than he; You created me from fire, and created him from mud." (7:12)

This questioning of man's ability led to a dispute in the heavens and 'doubts' thus erupted:

Sura 38 (S'ad):

67 . Say, "Here is awesome news.
68. "That you are totally oblivious to.
69. "I had no knowledge previously, about the feud in the High heavens.
70. "I am inspired that my sole mission is to deliver the warnings to you."
71. Your Lord said to the angels: 'I am creating a human being from clay.
72. "Once I design him, and blow into him from My spirit, you shall assist him."
73. The angels assisted, all of them,
74. except Satan; he refused, and was too arrogant, unappreciative.
75. He said, "O Satan, what prevented you from assisting what I created before with My hands? Are you too arrogant? Have you rebelled?"
76. He said, "I am better than he; You created me from fire, and created him from clay."
77. He said, "Therefore, you must be exiled, you will be banished.
78. "You have incurred My condemnation until the Day of Judgment."
79. He said, "My Lord, respite me till the Day of Resurrection."
80. He said, "You are respited.
81. "Until the appointed day."
82. He said, "I swear by Your majesty, that I will send them all astray.
83. "Except Your worshipers who are devoted absolutely to You alone."

The above verses tell the story very clearly.

Satan requested that he be given a chance to 'prove' that man is unfit for the task...

And GOD thus allowed Satan (who has evil intentions) to entice us (but NOT have access to us):

"You may entice them with your voice, and mobilize all your forces and all your men against them, and share in their money and children, and promise them. Anything the devil promises is no more than an illusion." (Quran 17:64)

"I will come to them from before them, and from behind them, and from their right, and from their left, and You will find that most of them are unappreciative." (7:17)

Had the story stopped there, we would still be fine. Problem is, Satan managed to trick our ancestors into giving him ACCESS to our Souls!:

"The devil whispered to them, in order to gain access to them. He said, "Your Lord did not forbid you from this tree, except to prevent you from becoming angels, and from attaining eternal existence." (7:20)

Eating from the 'forbidden' tree allowed Satan to have constant access to our 'Nafs'.

The mix we now have is:

1. The 'Soul' - Nafs ;

2. The 'Spirit' - Rouh;

3. Satan - Shaitan (this is the devil having access to our Souls and being able to influence them).

Satan is the ULTIMATE falsehood within you. If there is ever a falsehood, don't look for it...outside of you - it lies within you.

Some more bad news: unlike the Rouh, Satan APPROACHES you. If you have a delimma, he will give your answer. Whether the answer is correct is not even a question, because we know it isn't. sometimes, before you even have a delimma, he will give you chaos...because he will give you so much falsehood in your life that you will end up feeling CONFUSED, DEPRESSED, feeling HATED by god, ABANDONED, etc etc etc - all the things he thrives in.

Do not despair.

Because Satan exists within you, there isn't much you can do about getting rid of him for good. however, you can get rid of every time he approaches - and as long as you keep in mind you shouldn't get tired of kicking him into silence, you are always the winner - because he invades your mind. by seeking refuge in GOD, you give the Rouh authority to keep him silent.

"When you learn the Quran, you shall seek refuge in GOD from Satan the rejected. He has no power over those who believe and trust in their Lord. His power is limited to those who choose him as their master, those who choose him as their god." (16:98-100)

How can you be safe with his falsehood information?. Every time he offers a solution, you do not take it for face value - you go and ask your Rouh. if you get a solution without asking for it - there are two ways you might've got that;

1. The 'Nafs' gave it to you (your own subconscious made the suggestion);

2. It came from Satan!.


You never get unasked solutions from the spirit. Abraham...whom god has chosen...was not approached by GOD - he approached GOD. The point is; GOD always loves you...but he won't stop you from ruining your life...if you don't ask for His help. GOD never abandons someone entirely...and never guides someone entirely - if he did, he would Abraham, Mohammed, etc - messengers whom He has chosen (who we see making human mistakes). And guidance, unlike the Muslim understanding of it...is a process of every situation...instead of all at once thing.



Final Note:

The best Islam is within you - the spirit of GOD (Rouh'u Allah) is within you. There is no such thing that truth lies outside of you. the ultimate truth lies within you. please, take advantage of that blessing. It will be your ultimate weapon against falsehood...


By Free-Minds (e-mail: free@free-minds.org)

SOUL IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY



The discussion of the human soul, its existence, nature, ultimate objective and eternity, occupies a highly important position in Islamic philosophy and forms its main focus. For the most part Muslim philosophers agreed, as did their Greek predecessors, that the soul consists of non-rational and rational parts. The non-rational part they divided into the plant and animal souls, the rational part into the practical and the theoretical intellects. All believed that the non-rational part is linked essentially to the body, but some considered the rational part as separate from the body by nature and others that all the parts of the soul are by nature material. The philosophers agreed that, while the soul is in the body, its non-rational part is to manage the body, its practical intellect is to manage worldly affairs, including those of the body, and its theoretical intellect is to know the eternal aspects of the universe. They thought that the ultimate end or happiness of the soul depends on its ability to separate itself from the demands of the body and to focus on grasping the eternal aspects of the universe. All believed that the non-rational soul comes into being and unavoidably perishes. Some, like al-Farabi, believed that the rational soul may or may not survive eternally; others, like Ibn Sina, believed that it has no beginning and no end; still others, such as Ibn Rushd, believed that the soul with all its individual parts comes into existence and is eventually destroyed.

1 The existence of the soul

2 The nature of the soul

3 The rational soul

4 The ultimate objective of the soul

5 Eternity of the soul

References end further reading



1 The existence of the soul

All Muslim philosophers concerned themselves with the subject of the soul. The most detailed and most important works on this subject are those of al-Kindi, al-Farabi, Ibn Sina and Ibn Rushd. Muslim philoso­phers recognized that the first issue, that confronts the human mind with regard to the soul is its existence. That is why, at the very beginning of his inquiry about the soul in al-Shifa’ (Healing), Ibn Sina (§6) asserts that we infer the existence of the soul from the fact that we observe bodies that perform certain acts with some degree of will. These acts are exemplified in taking nourishment, growing, reproducing, moving and perceiving. Since these acts do not belong to the nature of bodies, for this nature is devoid of will, they must belong to a principle they have other than bodies. This principle is what is called ‘soul’.

This argument is intended to prove the existence of the animal soul, which includes the plant soul. The soul is the source of acts performed by the will, not inasmuch as it is ‘a substance’ (an independent entity), but inasmuch as it is ‘the principle of such acts’. The rational soul, on the other hand, need not look outside itself to infer its existence. It is aware of its existence with immediacy, that is, without any instruments. Ibn Sina’s example of the suspended man is intended to prove that the rational soul is aware of itself apart from any body. His argument boils down to the view that, even if the adult rational soul is not aware of anything material, not even its body, it remains aware of its own existence.



2 The nature of the soul

While Islam made it incumbent on Muslim philoso­phers to occupy themselves extensively with the study of the soul and to make certain statements that in some cases appear consistent with Islamic beliefs, Greek philosophy had the upper hand in forming the real convictions of Muslim philosophers with regard to the nature of the soul. Unless otherwise specified, reference to :he soul here is limited to the terrestrial soul to the exclusion of the celestial one, since Muslim philosophers concerned themselves primarily with the former. It must be pointed out at the outset that ‘soul’. (nafs) was used in more than one sense in Islamic philosophy; the term was used to refer to the plant or vegetative part of a living being, the animal or sensitive part, the rational part and finally the totality of all three parts. The first two are the non-rational soul and the totality is the human soul. To add to the confusion, ‘human soul’ is used only in the sense of this fourth type of soul. The plant, animal and; rational souls are also called powers or parts of the; soul. Only from the context can one understand, whether a Muslim philosopher was using ‘soul’ in the broad sense to mean the human soul (the totality of the parts of the soul), or in the narrow sense to mean a specific part of the human soul.

Inasmuch as it has a certain relation to a body, the soul is a form for that body, that is, the perfection of that body. It is a form because a natural body is composed of matter and form, which in the case of animals are body and soul. Since it has been shown that the soul is the source of will and therefore is not matter, it remains a form. Perfection is of two types, primary and secondary. A primary perfection is what makes a thing actually a species, as shape does for the sword, or a genus as sensation and-movement do for animals. A secondary perfection is an act necessitated by the nature of the species or genus, such as cutting for the sword and touching for animal. The soul is a primary perfection of a natural body capable of performing the secondary perfections necessitated by this primary perfection. Together with its body, the soul constitutes a material substance. This substance can be the subject of plant, animal or human life.

The soul is a perfection inasmuch as it makes a natural body into a plant, an animal or a rational being. However, to define the soul as a perfection does not give us a clue as to what the soul is in itself, but only inasmuch as it has a relation to the body. The body is, therefore, an essential element in the definition of the soul. Without relating to a body, the thing we call ‘soul’ is not a soul and does not require the body as an essential part of its definition. Note, however, that in spite of this assertion, perhaps for the lack of any better term, Muslim philosophers use ‘soul’ also to refer to the rational soul after it separates from the body and reaches a complete state of purity from matter.

In its first or lowest stages of relating to the body, the soul is the plant soul, which is a primary perfection for an organic natural body inasmuch as this body can take nourishment, grow and reproduce. The plant soul is the power human beings and other animals share with plants. If the body with a soul is an animal, the soul develops into the animal soul, which is a primary perfection for an organic natural body inasmuch as this body has sensation and movement through will. While this soul includes the plant soul, it has also a sensitive power and a locomotive one. The sensitive power has both external and internal senses. The external senses are, in priority of existence, touch, taste, smell, hearing and sight. The first three are said to be necessary for survival and the last two for well being. In Talkhis kitab an-nafs (Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s On the Soul), IBN RUSHD (§3) asserts that the five external senses may be in potentiality, as in infancy and sleep, or in actuality, as in daily seeing or hearing. He also argues that there cannot be any external sense other than these five because there would be no function for it, since there is no external sensation other than the objects of the five senses mentioned above. Most Muslim philosophers men­tion three types of internal senses: common sense, imagination and memory. IBN SINA (§3) enumerates five internal senses: common sense, representational power, imagination, estimative power and memory. On the whole, the philosophers agree on the function of the common sense, imagination and memory; the function that Ibn Sina limits to the representational and estimative powers, other Muslim philosophers allocate to the imagination.

The common sense is an internal power in which all the objects of the external senses are collected. Contrary to the external senses, which can grasp only one type of sensation, as sight grasps light and hearing grasps sound, the common sense can grasp all external sensations, such as that honey is of such and such a colour, texture and smell. The representational power preserves the sensations of the common sense even after sensible things disappear. The imagination selects at will to combine some of the objects of the representational power with each other and to separate the rest. It makes its judgment about external things, but in the absence of these things. That is why it functions best when the external senses, which represent external things, are not at work, as in sleep. Ibn Rushd points out that animals such as worms and flies that do not act except in the presence of sensible things are devoid of imagination. The imagination is called such inasmuch as it is an animal instrument; it is called cognitive inasmuch as it is a rational instrument. The estimative power grasps non-sensible notions of sensible things, such as the sheep’s notion that the wolf is to be avoided. This notion is about a sensible thing but is not grasped through the external senses, as is the colour or shape of a wolf. Memory preserves the notions of the estimative power. The imagination acts on the objects of memory in the same way it acts on those of the representational powers. Like the objects of the external senses, those of the internal senses are particular and material. The difference is that they can be experienced in the absence of external things and are to some degree abstracted from matter.

The locomotive power branches into that which causes movement and that which actually moves. The former, the desiderative power, subdivides into the appetitive and the irascible. The appetitive causes movement toward what is imagined to be necessary or beneficial in the pursuit of pleasure. The irascible causes avoidance of what is imagined to be harmful or an impediment in the pursuit of dominance. The power that actually moves uses the nerves to relax the muscles at the demands of the appetitive power or tighten them at the demands of the irascible one.



3 The rational soul

The rational soul, which is defined as a primary perfection for an organic natural body inasmuch as this body can act by rational choice and grasp the universals, is divided into the practical and the theoretical intellects. The practical intellect seeks knowledge in order to act in accordance with the good in its individual body, its family and its state. It must, therefore, know the principles for properly managing the body, the family and the state, that is, ethics, home management and politics. The practical intellect is the rational soul turning its face down­ward. The function of the theoretical intellect is to know just for the sake of having the universals (the realities or natures of things). Some of these natures, such as God and the intellect, cannot attach to movement; knowledge of them is metaphysics. Other natures, such as unity, can attach to movement but do not; knowledge of them is mathematics. Still other natures, such as humanity and squareness, can attach to movement either in reality and thought, such as humanity, or in reality but not in thought, such as squareness. Knowledge of these is physics.

The theoretical intellect is the rational soul with its face upward. The practical intellect looks up to the theoretical one and moves its body accordingly. In this, the practical intellect is similar to :the celestial soul that looks up to the intellect of its sphere and moves its sphere accordingly. Thus, like .the celestial soul, the practical intellect is the link between intellect as such and matter.

On the whole, Muslim philosophers followed al-Kindi’s division of the theoretical intellect into the material intellect (al-‘aql al-hayulant), the habitual intellect (al-‘agl bil-malaka), the actual intellect (al-‘aql bi’!-fi’b and the acquired intellect’ (al-‘aql al-mustafad). The material intellect is a blank slate with the potentiality for grasping the intelligible forms or universals. Ibn Sina points out that it is referred to as material, not because it is actually material but because it resembles matter in accepting the form. The habitual intellect grasps the universals, as one acquires the skill to write; in other words, this intellect has the ability to use the universals but does not always do so. The actual intellect grasps the universals in actuality and is always ready to use them. While Muslim philosophers differed slightly with regard to their accounts of the acquired intellect, their general view is that it is the highest human state, the point of contact with the divine, the agent intellect (the intelligence of the moon, the lowest celestial intellect), which makes it possible for the theoretical intellect to acquire the universals in the purest form (see EPISTEMOLOGY IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY §4).



4 The ultimate objective of the soul

AL-FARABI asserts that even though the soul is of different parts, it is a unity with all its parts working for one final end, happiness. While the plant soul, for example, serves a specific function, it also serves the powers that are higher than it in rank, the animal powers. Without nourishment, growth and reproduc­tion, the animal powers cannot perform their necessary functions. Similarly, while the function of the animal powers is to have sensation and movement, by performing this function they also promote the functions of the powers above them, the rational ones. The operations of the animal powers, especially those of the senses, are particularly important for the attainment of the final end. The external senses strip the forms from material objects and convey them to the internal senses. The more they are transferred internally, the less mixed with matter do they become. Since the innermost sense they reach is the imagina­tion, they are there in their purest material existence (see IMAGINATION).

The role of the objects of the imagination is not always clearly defined in Islamic philosophy. Occa­sionally it is said by somebody like Ibn Sina to be one of preparation for the theoretical intellect to receive the universals from the agent intellect. At other times Ibn Sina, like other Aristotelians such as Ibn Rushd, takes these objects to be the ingredients out of which the universals are made after the last process of purification (see EPISTEMOLOGY IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY). It seems, however, that in either case the light of the agent intellect is needed to complete the process. In the former case, this light gives the intelligible forms to the theoretical intellect when this intellect is prepared. In the latter case, it sheds itself on the objects of the imagination, which are then reflected on the theoretical intellect without their matter. Since the theoretical intellect is in its first stages in potentiality, it cannot act on the objects of the imagination directly; hence the need for the agent intellect, which is pure actuality. The role of the practical intellect in all this is to put order into the body. This sets free the theoretical intellect from preoccupation with the body and helps the powers whose function is necessary for theoretical knowledge to function unhampered.

Muslim philosophers adhered to the view that the acquired intellect is one with its objects, for they thought the knower and the known are one, as did their Greek predecessors. This means that the highest human state is one in which unity with the universals or the eternal aspects of the universe is reached. This state is described as happiness because in it eternity, an aspect of the objects of the acquired intellect, is attained.



5 Eternity of the soul

When Muslim philosophers assert that the soul comes into existence simultaneously with the coming into existence of the body, some, such as Ibn Sina (§6), who believe that the rational soul is in essence non­material, are thinking only of the non-rational soul. Others, such as Ibn Rushd (§3), who believe that the rational soul is originally not separate from matter, contend that the whole human soul comes into existence. The latter believe that since the rational soul grasps the universals from particular sensibles, and since such sensibles are material and have a temporal beginning, this soul must also be material and must have a temporal beginning. Those who attribute non-materiality to the essence of the rational soul, such as AL-KINDI and Ibn Sina, assert that this soul pre-exists the body. While all of them agree that the non-rational soul is destroyed after the destruc­tion of the body, they differ with regard to the end of the rational soul.

Al-Kindi and Ibn Sina, for example, strongly adhere to the view that all rational souls are indestructible because by nature they are simple. AL-FARABI reminds us that the reason for eternal existence is the rational soul’s knowledge of the eternal aspects of the universe. From this he draws the conclusion, as did ALEXANDER OF APHRODISIAS before him, that only those rational souls that have this knowledge at their separation from the body are indestructible. Other rational souls are eventually destroyed. Ibn Sina finds in the grasping of the universals the grounds for happiness, not the eternity of the soul. Ibn Rushd seems to hold that only the acquired intellect can be indestructible; but the acquired intellect, he argues (as does his teacher IBN BAJJA), is divine and numerically one in all. Ibn Rushd was attacked for this view because it denies eternal existence of individual souls (see AVERROISM; SOUL, NATURE AND IMMORTALITY OF THE).

See also: ARISTOTELIANISM IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY; EPISTEMOLOGY IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY; ETHICS IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY; IBN RUSHD §3; IBN SINA §6; MYSTICAL PHILOSOPHY IN ISLAM; SOUL, NATURE AND IMMORTALITY OF THE



References end further reading

al-Farabi (c.870-950) al-Madina al fadila (The Virtuous City), trans. R. Walter, Al-Farabi on the Perfect State.’ Abu Nasr al-Farabi’s Mabadi’ Ara’Ah al-Madina al-Fadila, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985. (English and Arabic of the most comprehensive and best known philosophical work of al-Farabi.)

Ibn Rushd (1180) Tahafut al-tahafut (The Incoherence of the Incoherence), trans. S. Van Den Bergh, London: Luzac, 1954. (A response to a number of issues raised by al-Ghazali against philosophers. One of the three most important of these issues is that of the soul and its fate.)

- (c.1174) Talkhis kitab an-nafs (Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s On the Soul), ed. A.F. al-Ahwani, Cairo: Maktabat an-Nahda, 1950. (Includes also four other essays: Ibn Baja’s Risalat al-ittisal (Essay on Conjunction), Ishaq Ibn Hunayn’s Kitab ft an-nafs (Book on the Soul), Ibn Rushd’s Risalat al-ittisal (Essay on Conjunction) and al-Kindi’s Risalat al-‘aql (Essay on Intellect).)

Ibn Sina (980-1037) an-Nafs (The Soul), ed. F. Rahman, Avicenna’s de Anima, London: Oxford University Press, 1959. (The most important and detailed philosophical treatise on the soul in Islamic philosophy, the sixth part of the Physics of al-Shifa’. An Arabic edition of the text is included.)

(980-1037) Ahwal an-nafs (The States of the Soul), ed. A.F. al-Ahwani, Cairo: Dar Ihya’ al-Kutub al-Arabiyya, 1952. (Includes Risala fi an-nafs wa-baqa’ha wa-ma’adiha (Essay on the Soul, Its Permanence and Its Second Life), Mabhath ‘an al-qiwa an-nafsaniyya (Inquiry about Psychic Powers), Risala fi ma’rifat an-nafs an-natiga (Essay on Knowing the Rational Soul) and Risala fi al-kalam ‘ala an-nafs an-natiqa (Essay on an Inquiry Concerning the Rational Soul).)

- (980-1037) an-Najat (Deliverance), ed. F. Rahman, Avicenna’s Psychology, London: Oxford University Press, 1952. (The psychology of an-Najat is an abridgement by Ibn Sina of his encyclopedic work al-Shifa’ (Healing).)

- (980-1037) Rasa’d ash-shaykh ar-ra’is f asrar al-hikma al-mashriqiyya (Essays of the Master of the Head on the Secrets of Oriental Wisdom), ed. M. Mehren, Traites mystiques d’Avicenna, Leiden: Brill, 1889-99. (Ibn Sina’s ‘oriental philosophy’.)

Inati, S.C. (1996) A Study of Ibn Sina’s Mysticism, London: Kegan Paul International. (Includes a detailed analysis of Ibn Sina’s notion of the soul and a translation of the fourth part of al-Isharat wa­‘1-tanbihat (Remarks and Admonitions).)

al-Kindi (before 873) Rasa’il al-Kindi al falsafiyya (Al-Kindi’s Philosophical Treatises), ed. M. Abu Rida, Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi, 1953. (Includes al-Kindi’s most relevant works on the subject of the soul, al-Qawl fi an-nafs (Discourse on the Soul), Fi an-nafs (On the Soul) and Fi mahiyyat an-nawm war-ru’ya (On the Essence of Sleep and Internal Vision).)



SHAMS C. INATI


Collectede By
Shobuz Bhai

February 22, 2008 | 6:12 AM Comments  0 comments

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21 February , International Mother Language Day
About this event: Global ICT Conference
Related to country: Bangladesh

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International Mother Language Day

21 February
International Mother Language Day
The world's nearly 6,000 languages will be celebrated on International Mother Language Day, an event aimed at promoting linguistic diversity and multilingual education.

Ensuring that these languages can continue in use alongside the major international languages of communication is a genuine challenge to countries worldwide.

Today, about half of the 6,000 or so languages spoken in the world are under threat

This year’s theme will be devoted to the topic of languages and cyberspace.



International Mother Language Day was proclaimed by UNESCO's General Conference in November 1999. The International Day has been observed every year since February 2000 to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism.
Languages are the most powerful instruments of preserving and developing our tangible and intangible heritage. All moves to promote the dissemination of mother tongues will serve not only to encourage linguistic diversity and multilingual education but also to develop fuller awareness of linguistic and cultural traditions throughout the world and to inspire solidarity based on understanding, tolerance and dialogue.


Links to UN and UN System sites:

United Nations:

UN Works for Cultural Diversity - Language
African Local Languages (Economic Commission for Africa)
Activities for the World Summit on the Information Society (Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia)
Sociedad de la Información (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean)
ICSTD (Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific)
World Summit on the Information Society, Geneva 2003 - Tunis 2005
Unesco:

International Mother Language Day
B@bel Initiative
Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in Education
Intangible Heritage
MOST Clearing House Linguistics Rights
Multilingualism on the Internet
Red Book of Endangered Languages

History of that day
On that day of 21 February 1952, corresponding to 8 Falgun 1359 in the Bangla calendar, a number of students campaigning for the recognition of Bangla as one of the state languages of Pakistan were killed when police fired upon them. [2]

Mohammed Ali Jinnah(the Governor general of Pakistan) declared that the Urdu will be the only language for both west and east Pakistan at a public meeting on 1948, 21 March. The people of the East Pakistan (now Bangladesh, whose main language is Bengali) started to protest against this.

A student meeting on 21 February called for a province-wide strike. But the government invoked Section 144 on 20 February. The student community at a meeting on the morning of 21 February agreed to continue with their protest but not to break the law of Section 144. Even then the police opened fire and killed the students.


http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=34603&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html